Rancang Bangun Sistem Insentif untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Petani, Efisiensi Penggunaan Air dan Ketahanan Pangan

(Design of Incentive Systems to Increase Farmer Income, Water use Efficiency and Food Security)

Bambang Juanda
 
ABSTRAK
Peningkatan produktivitas padi umumnya bergantung pada berbagai penambahan input. Berbagai sistem insentif bagi petani dirancang agar dapat meningkatkan pendapatan sekaligus meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Metode SRI (system of rice intensification) merupakan teknologi potensial untuk meningkatkan produksi berdasarkan manajemen pengolahan tanah, tanaman dan air melalui pemberdayaan kelompok dan kearifan lokal berbasis ramah lingkungan. Namun aplikasi metode SRI membutuhkan kajian pola optimal dan strategi adopsi
inovasi bagi petani. Penelitian menggunakan analisis diskriptif aspek kelembagaan; LFA (Logical Framework Analysis) dan ekonomi eksperimental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) peran dan fokus kelembagaan pemerintah adalah peningkatan produksi melalui penerapan berbagai teknologi. Kinerja kelembagaan lokal berperan dalam (2) Sistem insentif bagi petani untuk penerapan metode padi SRI adalah jaminan pemasaran dengan harga menguntungkan; (3) Penerapan budidaya padi SRI membutuhkan penguatan kelompok tani dan P3A Mitra Cai
dalam pengaturan air, penyediaan saprodi organik dan pemasaran produk melalui pemberlakuan tarif iuran air (ipair) yang fair berdasarkan sistem remunerasi; dan (4) Sistem insentif bagi petani untuk mendorong penerapan budidaya padi SRI adalah memberi ganti rugi jika ada penurunan produksi Adanya informasi tentang metode SRI berpengaruh nyata terhadap penerapan metode.

Kata kunci: efisiensi air, ketahanan pangan, SRI (system of Rice Intensification)
 
ABSTRACT
Increasing productivity of rice generally depends on a variety of additional inputs. Various systems are designed for farmers to increase incomes and improve land productivity. SRI method is a potential technology to increase rice production management based on the cultivation of land, plants and water through the empowerment of groups and local knowledge-based eco-friendly activities. The application of SRI method requires a study of innovation adoption and optimal strategies for farmers. This study uses institutional descriptive analysis; LFA (Logical Framework Analysis) and experimental economics. The results showed that (1) The role and focus of government institutions is an increase in production through the application of various technologies. Performance of local institutions have an important a role of cultivation introduction and depends on the active community leader or head of the farmer or P3A Mitra Cai; (2) Incentives system for farmers in the application SRI paddy method is marketing insurance with favorable price, (3) the application of SRI paddy cultivation requires strengthening group farmer and P3A Mitra Cai in regulating water, organic agricultural input and marketing of products through the application of water fee rates (ipair) based on fair remuneration system; and (4) the incentives for farmers to
encourage the application of SRI paddy cultivation is the provision compensation if there is a decrease in production. The existence of information on SRI Method have real impact.

Keywords: food security, SRI (System of Rice Intensification), water efficiency