Dini Yuliani

ABSTRAK

Penyakit tungro merupakan salah satu kendala biotik yang dapat menurunkan potensi hasil tanaman padi. Penyakit ini menyebar dengan bantuan wereng hijau Nephotettix virescens yang merupakan vektor virus paling efisien. Wereng hijau umumnya dijumpai pada ketinggian tempat yang tinggi dan bersuhu rendah. Namun wereng hijau dan insiden penyakit tungro kemungkinan dapat dijumpai pada ketinggian sedang maupun rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelimpahan wereng hijau, insiden penyakit tungro, dan efektivitas sumber inokulum pada ketinggian tempat berbeda di daerah endemis. Adapun pengamatan di lapangan, yaitu mengamati insiden penyakit tungro dan kepadatan populasi wereng hijau. Kegiatan di rumah kaca menguji efektivitas sumber inokulum tungro berupa singgang, ceceran gabah, gulma, dan fase vegetatif tanaman. Hasil pengujian diperoleh dinamika populasi wereng hijau di dataran tinggi yang diwakili oleh Kabupaten Garut relatif sama dengan dataran sedang yang diwakili Kabupaten Purwakarta, yaitu kepadatan populasi cukup rendah. Sumber inokulum yang efektif untuk dijadikan inang virus tungro adalah singgang, ceceran gabah, dan tanaman fase vegetatif.

Kata kunci: ketinggian tempat, sumber inokulum, tungro, wereng hijau

ABSTRACT

Rice Tungro disease is one of biotic constraint that can reduce yield potential of rice. Tungro disease viruses are transmitted from one plant to another by leafhoppers that feed on tungro-infected plants. The most efficient vector is the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens. Green leafhoppers (GLH) generally found in areas with high altitude and low temperature. However, GLH and tungro disease can be found in medium and low altitude areas. The aim of this study was to determine the abundance of green leafhopper, tungro disease incidence, and effectiveness of inoculum source in different altitude at endemic areas. Field observations conducted to observe tungro disease incidence and the density of GLH population. Moreover, greenhouse activities were conducted to examine the effectiveness of inoculum sources, including ratoon, spilled grain, weeds, and plants in the vegetative phase. The results showed there was no significant difference in the GLH population dynamics in upland areas represented by Garut and lowland areas represented by Purwakarta, both showed low population density. Ratoon, spilled grain, and plants in the vegetative phase were the effective inoculum sources to be used as host tungro viruses.

Keywords: altitude, green leafhopper, inoculum resources, tungro disease