TEKNOLOGI UMPAN BERBAHAN AKTIF KITOSAN UNTUK PENGELOLAAN RAYAP TANAH Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

 

BAITING TECHNOLOGY WITH CHITOSAN ACTIVE IN GRADIENT TO MANAGE OF SUBTERANNEAN TERMITE Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

By : Arinana

 

he cost of termite Coptotermes curvignathus attack on buildings is enormous. In Indonesia, we know one environmental tolerant method to overcome the attack which is called baiting systems. However, this methods is relatively expensive, because there is only one product available all over the country. Chitosan is known for its bioactive ability as the retardant in mushrooms and fungi growth. Based on these facts, chitosan is assumed had the capability as a substance that could eradicate subterannean termite with baiting system which are environmental tolerant. Chitosan was dissolved in acetatic acid solvent. The concentration of the chitosan solvent used in this research were 0% (control), 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%. The samples in this research were filter papers. The responses analyzed were percentage of termite mortality and weight loss percentages. Concentration of 0,5% chitosan gave significant affect on mortality of subterannean termite C. curvignathus. The highest percentage of mortality of subterannean termite C. curvignathus was by 4% concentration, which was 94,2%. While the weight loss percentage of filter papers gave a very significant affect at 1% concentration. The lowest weight loss percentage of fil-ter papers was at 4% concentration of chitosan solvent, which was 7,4%.

Kerusakan bangunan dan isi bangunan karena serangan rayap Coptotermes curvignathus sangat besar. Di Indonesia sudah ada metode pengenda-lian yang ramah lingkungan, yaitu dengan sistem umpan, akan tetapi harganya masih relatif mahal karena hanya ada satu produk. Kitosan diketahui mem-punyai kemampuan bioaktif sebagai peng-hambat pertumbuhan kapang dan jamur. Berda-sarkan hal tersebut, kitosan diperkirakan mampu digunakan pula sebagai bahan yang dapat mem-bunuh rayap tanah dengan sistem umpan yang ramah lingkungan. Kitosan dilarutkan dalam pe-larut asam asetat. Konsentrasi larutan kitosan yang digunakan dalam pengujian adalah sebesar 0% (kontrol) 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% dan 5%. Contoh uji berupa kertas saring. Pengama-tan yang akan dilakukan berupa data persentase mortalitas rayap dan persentase kehilangan bobot. Konsentrasi kitosan 0,5% telah memberikan pen-garuh yang sangat nyata terhadap mortalitas rayap C. curvignathus. Persentase kehilangan bobot uji memberikan peng-aruh yang sangat nyata pada konsentrasi 1,0%. Persentase kehilangan bobot kertas uji terendah juga pada konsentrasi larutan kitosan 4%, yaitu se-besar 7,4%. Jadi dengan konsentrasi 1,0% sudah cukup optimal sebagai umpan rayap.