(Local Genetic Resources Utilization in Assembling Superior Chili Varieties (Capsicum annuum) Resistant to Antraknosa Disease Caused by Colletotrichum sp)

Muhamad Syukur1*, Rahmi Yunianti1, Rustam2, Widodo3

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan varietas tahan berbasis sumber daya lokal merupakan salah satu cara yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah penyakit antraknosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies isolat antraknosa (Colletotricum accutatum, C. gloeosporioides, dan C. capsici) dari berbagai sentra produksi cabai melalui pencirian konidia, mendapatkan genotipe yang tahan terhadap penyakit antraknosa, dan mendapatkan informasi ketahanan terhadap antraknosa galur-galur cabai. Kegiatan penelitian ini meliputi pencirian morfologi isolat Colletotrichum, penapisan ketahanan galur-galur harapan cabai (Capsicum annuum) terhadap penyakit antraknosa, dan penapisan ketahanan genotipe cabai hasil eksplorasi terhadap penyakit antraknosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang ditemukan di lapangan terdiri atas 3 spesies, yaitu C. capsici, C. acutatum, dan C. gloesporioides. 42 isolat dari 67 isolat adalah C. capsici, sisanya adalah C. acutatum atau C. gloesporioides. Galur-galur yang diuji termasuk kriteria moderat hingga sangat rentan terhadap penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh C. acutatum. Genotipe IPB C15 secara konsisten lebih tahan terhadap antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh C. acutatun dibandingkan dengan 27 genotipe lainnya.

Kata kunci: antraknosa, cabai, isolat lokal, tahan penyakit

ABSTRACT

The use of resistant varieties based on local resources is one way to solve the problem of anthracnose disease. This study aims to identify the species of anthracnose isolates (Colletotricum accutatum, C. gloeosporioides, and C. capsici) from the various centers of chili production through the characterization of conidia, get the genotypes that are resistant to anthracnose disease, and get information about resistance to anthracnose disease of chili pepper lines. Research activities include morphological characterization of Colletotrichum isolates, screening of resistance the chili pepper lines to anthracnose disease, and screening of resistance the pepper genotypes of exploration results to anthracnose disease. The results showed that the isolates found in the field consist of 3 species, namely C. capsici, C. acutatum, and C. gloesporioides. Forty two isolates of 67 isolates were C. capsici, the rest were C. acutatum or C. gloesporioides. The chili pepper lines were tested, including the criteria for moderate to highly susceptible to anthracnose diseases caused by C. acutatum. IPB C15 Genotype was consistently more resistant to anthracnose caused by C. acutatum as compared to 27 other genotypes.

Keywords: anthracnose, chili pepper, isolate local, resistant