Yonny Koesmaryono1*, Haruna2, Budi Kartiwa3, Impron1

ABSTRAK

Kajian pengaruh pemberian dosis air irigasi dan pemangkasan daun bawah tanaman jagung pada produktivitas jagung varietas Lamuru di lahan kering beriklim kering telah dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Naibonat, Kecamatan Kupang Timur, Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dalam bulan Juni–Oktober 2011. Lahan yang digunakan berukuran 72 × 32 m dengan metode rancangan Acak Kelompok Terpisah, menggunakan dua perlakuan. Perlakuan pertama diterapkan pada lahan dengan memberikan dosis air irigasi sebesar 100, 80, dan 60% di petak utama dan dosis kontrol menurut kebiasaan petani. Perlakuan kedua dilakukan pada daun tanaman jagung ketika memasuki fase generatif dengan memangkas dan tanpa memangkas daun pada anak petak utama yang telah ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis air irigasi antara 80 dan 60% memberi hasil berbeda nyata pada produksi jagung, yakni berturut-turut 7,3 dan 5,3 ton/ha, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (6,6 ton/ha). Sementara perlakuan pemangkasan dan tanpa pemangkasan tidak berpengaruh nyata pada komponen pertumbuhan karena pemangkasan dilakukan pada fase generatif. Hasil uji Anova tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antara tindakan pemangkasan dan tanpa pemangkasan pada produksi jagung. Dosis air irigasi 80% mampu menghemat air sebesar 842 m3 atau 20% per musim tanam per ha, sebaliknya, petani biasa memboroskan air 2.105 m3 atau 50% air per musim tanam per ha. Interval irigasi yang optimum berdasarkan analisis adalah 7 kali irigasi selama 1 periode tanam dan lebih efisien jika dibandingkan petani dengan 14 kali irigasi selama 1 periode tanam.

Kata kunci: Irigasi, jagung, pemangkasan, produktivitas

ABSTRACT

Study on the effect of dose management on water irrigation and the effect of pruning corn lower leaves on productivity of Lamuru variety grown on dry land of dry climate area has been done. The experiment was organized at Naibonat Experimental Station, East Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, from June to October 2011. The area used was 72 × 32 m using split plot design methods, employing two treatments. The first treatment was conducted on the main plot with water irrigation dose given 100, 80, and 60% the dose control was according to the farmer’s customary. The second treatment was applied by pruning or not pruning the lower leaves at the generative phase on the determined submain plot. The result showed that dose of water irrigation of 80 and 60% gave significant effect on corn productivity, that is 7.3 and 5.3 ton/ha, but not significant to the control (6.6 ton/ha). On the other hand, the treatment with and without leaf pruning did not give significant effect on the growth component because pruning was conducted during the generative phase. The Anova test result of corn productivity was not significantly different between the treatment of with and without pruning. The treatment of 80% dose of water irrigation could save water until 842 m3 or 20% per planting season per hectare. Meanwhile, the farmer’s customary wasted the water up to 2.105 m3 or 50% per planting season per hectare. Based on the results, the optimizing of water irrigation interval is seven times more efficient in one planting period as compared to 14 irrigation times in one planting period.

Keywords: corn, irrigation, productivity, pruning