(Development of Wood Liquid and Particleboard from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches)

Surdiding Ruhendi1*, Tito Sucipto2*

ABSTRAK

Tandan kosong sawit (TKS) merupakan salah satu sumber daya alam berlignoselulosa yang cukup potensial sebagai bahan baku perekat dan papan partikel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menetapkan mutu perekat likuid TKS, serta mengevaluasi pengaruh kadar perekat, kadar ekstensi perekat likuid TKS pada perekat melamin formaldehida (MF), kadar fortifikasi perekat resorsinol formaldehida (RF) pada likuid TKS dan kadar fortifikasi perekat MF pada likuid TKS terhadap mutu papan partikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perekat likuid TKS yang dihasilkan adalah golongan perekat fenolik, bentuk cair dan bebas kotoran, warna cokelat kemerahan, pH 11, kekentalan 34 cps, kadar padatan 34%, dan waktu gelatinasi >60 menit. Sebagian sifat perekat likuid memenuhi SNI 06-4567-1998, yaitu bentuk, kenampakan, pH, dan waktu gelatinasi. Sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel untuk semua perlakuan kadar perekat dan kadar ekstensi/fortifikasi adalah kerapatan 0,64?0,93 g/cm3, kadar air 6?12%, pengembangan tebal 13?292%, daya serap air 39?239%, modulus patah 16?199 kg/cm2, modulus lentur 2321?19810 kg/cm2, keteguhan rekat internal 0,16?7,19 kg, dan kuat pegang sekrup 16?62 kg. Sebagian sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel memenuhi standar JIS A 5908-2003. Papan partikel yang menggunakan perekat MF tanpa ekstensi perekat likuid (kadar perekat 20%) adalah papan partikel dengan mutu terbaik. Perekat likuid TKS untuk papan partikel direkomendasikan menggunakan formulasi perekat likuid dengan fortifikasi 5% perekat MF (kadar perekat 15%) dan perekat MF dengan ekstensi 15% perekat likuid (kadar perekat 20%) untuk menghasilkan papan partikel yang baik.

Kata kunci: ekstensi, fortifikasi, papan partikel, perekat likuid, sifat fisis dan mekanis, tandan kosong sawit

ABSTRACT

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) is one of lignocellulosic natural resource, which is highly potential as adhesive and particleboard raw materials. The purpose of the study was determine wood liquid qualities, and to evaluate the effect of adhesive contents, wood liquid extension levels on melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin, and resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) fortification levels on wood liquid to particleboard quality. The results showed that the EFB wood liquid is considered as phenolic resin group, liquid form and free of dirt, reddish brown color, pH 11, 34 cps viscosity, solids content of 34.47%, and gelatine time >60 minutes. Some characteristics of wood liquid adhesives meet SNI 06-4567-1998, namely the form, appearance, pH, and gelatine time. The physical and mechanical properties of particle board for all treatments were 0.64?0.93 g/cm3 density, moisture content 6?12%, thickness swelling 13?292%, water absorption 39?239%, modulus of rupture (MOR) 16?199 kg/cm2, modulus of elasticity (MOE) 2321?19810 kg/cm2, internal bonding 0.16?7.19 kg, and screw holding power 16?62 kg. Some physical and mechanical properties of particle board meet the standard of JIS A 5908-2003. Particleboard using MF resin without wood liquid extension (adhesive content of 20%) was the best quality particleboard. Wood liquid for particleboard recommended using wood liquid fortified with 5% MF resin (adhesive content of 15%) and MF resin with 15% wood liquid extensions (adhesive content of 20%) produced good quality particleboard.

Keywords: empty fruit bunches, extention, fortification, particleboard, physical and mechanical properties, wood liquid