KOLABORASI BARRIER JAGUNG DAN KITOSAN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Bean common mosaic virus DAN SERANGGA VEKTORNYA Aphis craccivora Koch DI LAPANG
(Collaboration of Maize Barrier and Chitosan to Control Bean common mosaic virus and Its Vector Aphis craccivora Koch on Yard long bean in the Field)

Tri Asmira Damayanti, Sugeng Santoso
Dep. Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB.

ABSTRAK
 
Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) adalah virus yang merugikan pada kacang panjang saat ini. Penelitian bertujuan menguji keefektifan tanaman barrier jagung dan kitosan dalam menekan BCMV dan vektornya di lapang. Ada 4 perlakuan yang diuji yaitu kontrol (A), Perlakuan barrier jagung dan kitosan (B), Perlakuan barrier jagung (C) dan Perlakuan kitosan (D). Jagung ditanam 4 minggu sebelum kacang panjang dan kitosan diaplikasikan dengan perlakuan benih sebelum tanam dan penyemprotan daun 1 hari sebelum dan 2 minggu. Sekali sesudah penularan virus. Penularan virus dilakukan dengan melepas viruliferous kutudaun bersayap ke pertanaman. Perlakuan B, C dan D menunjukkan mampu menekan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit sampai 4 minggu setelah inokulasi virus (4 MSI) jika dibandingkan kontrol. Namun, pada 6-8 MSI semua perlakuan tidak mampu menekan virus. Perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap populasi kutudaun. Deteksi serologi dan asam nukleat menunjukkan bahwa selain BCMV, terdeteksi virus-virus lain yang menginfeksi alami di lapang bersama BCMV yaitu CMV, Geminivirus, dan Palerovirus, sedangkan Luteovirus menginfeksi terpisah. Infeksi ganda beberapa virus melalui kutudaun dan kutu kebul dengan sifat penularan yang berbeda menyebabkan gejala yang sangat parah, sehingga perlakuan tidak mampu menekan infeksi virus lainnya. Penelitian ini menemukan Palerovirus baru yang terdeteksi menginfeksi kacang panjang.

Kata kunci: BCMV, Barrier crop, kitosan, kacang panjang.

ABSTRACT

Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is a devastating virus on yard long bean at present. The aim of the research is to test the effectiveness of maize as barrier crop and chitosan to suppress BCMV and its vector in the field. The 4 treatments which consist as (A) control, (B) maize as barrier and chitosan, (C) barrier only and (D) chitosan only. Maize cultivated 4 weeks prior yard long bean. Chitosan applied as seed treatment and leaf spraying at one day before viral transmission and every 2 weeks after. BCMV transmitted via releasing viruliferous aphids in the field. Up to 4 weeks post inoculation (WPI), treatment B, C and D able to reduce the disease incidence and severity in compared with control. However, at 6-8 WPI all treatments unable to suppress the virus(es). All treatments did not have any effect on aphid population. Serological and molecular detection showed that CMV, Geminivirus, and Palerovirus detected together with BCMV, while Luteovirus was not. Multiple infection of several viruses facilitated by aphid and whitefly which have different transmission modes causing severe symptoms with the result that the control treatments unable to suppress the infection. The present of Palerovirus on yard long bean is the first evidence.

Keywords: BCMV, barrier crop, chitosan, yard long bean.

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